Thursday, December 8, 2016

Kali Installation : Dual Boot VS Live Boot VS Virtual Machine

If you are yet to have a Kali instance running on your machine, then you have quite a dilemma ahead of you. There are three ways to go about running Kali, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, I'll tell you what exactly the terms Dual Boot, Live Boot, and Virtual machine installation mean, how easy/difficult these are to perform, and what are the advantages/disadvantages of each of them. In the end, I'll tell you how to find guides for doing all of these.


PS: This guide (and the blog) is focused on Kali, but everything in this post is applicable to Linux in general. Certain parts are related to hacking, but you can take networking lessons from them regardless, even if you aren't interested in hacking per se.

Dual Boot

Most of you would be running a single operating system on your system right now. However, that doesn't have to be the case. We can partition our hard disk, and install multiple operating systems alongside each other. 

Think of how you have multiple partitions in your Windows (C,D,E,F drives). All your Windows system files would usually be in C (local disk). What if you let go of drive F (copy it's content to C,D,E first), and decide to install Kali's system files on it (you can install Kali's system files on your computer using the .iso file of Kali that is available for download). Now, you will have 3 drives of Windows format (NTFS), and one drive with Linux format (ext4). C drive (NTFS), will have Windows installed, and F drive (ext4, and it's name isn't really F drive anymore), has Linux.

But since your computer loads the system files during bootup, it needs to know whether to load files from C drive or from the "formerly F" drive. This is handled by the bootloader.

This was a gross oversimplification. Here's a nice article on HowToGeek that explains stuff in more details.
This is when Kali installer asks where it should install the OS.
In the sample explanation, you should install it where the "F" drive of
Windows is. If you instead install it over the "C" drive, you'll lose
Windows, and will only have Kali in your system.
Once you have installed Kali on a system which already had Windows,
the bootloader (GRUB) will ask you which of them to boot from.

 USB Boot

In the above example, we had Windows on our C,D,E,F partitions. The C partition had the system files, while D,E,F had other files. We decided to overwrite F and install Kali's system files over there. When we wanted to run Windows, we booted from C, and when we wanted to run Kali, we booted from the "former F drive" (of course we didn't know what exactly we are booting for, GRUB handles that for us, we just have to choose).

So, can we, instead of installing Kali on our F drive, install it on an external Hard Disk, and then boot from that external hard disk? The answer is yes. Well, you may ask, the size of Kali's ISO is <4 GB. What if I have a 16 GB USB flash drive. Surely, the installed OS will not take more than 16GB. Why use a hard disk, let me just install the OS on a USB flash drive.

Well, the answer to that is yes too. You can but 10 USB flash drives, and install 10 different operating systems on each of them, and then plug in whichever one you want, boot from it, and if your OS supports the filesystem of your hard disks, you can use your computers hard disks as well. You actually don't even need hard disks at all. You can run your computer from a flash drive itself. 

However, remember how I said install the OS on the USB flash drive. Turns out, you don't even have to install the OS. In general, for most software, there is 'an installer', and after the installer finishes it's job, we have the software installed and then can use it. For example, take a simple game. Suppose it has a setup.exe file on the CD drive you bought. When you run that, you can't yet play the game, and you instead need to install it on your hard disk, after which it can be played. This is true for operating systems as well. If you plug in a Windows installation CD/DVD/USB into your computer, it will do what the name says, install Windows on your computer. Upon installation, you can run Windows.

But with some Linux distributions, we have the ability to run the OS without installation(live boot). You can take the ISO, burn it to a DVD drive, and "live boot" it. It will not touch your hard disk, and everything will run directly on your primary memory (RAM). Hence, the installer also acts as the installed software. 

So, simply download Kali Linux' iso, and copy it to a USB, and you are done. Except for a little problem, USB drives are not bootable by default. So you need a little software which will properly perform the copying of the iso to the USB drive, such that it can be booted from. 

In summary, download the ISO, use a tool to intelligently copy the ISO to a flash drive, plug in the flash drive, and boot from it. It will ask you whether you want to Install the OS, or start running it right away (live boot). Just select the live boot option, and Kali is up and running, without any installation. However, since everything happens in volatile primary memory (RAM), changes are lost. So, everytime you boot into the live USB, it would be like running a fresh install (which can be both a good and a bad thing). With persistence mode, even this limitation is overcome, and you can have changes which persist across boots.

These are the choices offered when you boot from Kali's installer on a USB
You can run it live, run it live with persistence, or install the OS.

Virtual Machine

Suppose you only have Windows on your machine. How do you go from a powered off system to having a fully functional Windows running on your machine. Actually, a more useful question is, what all do you need to go from nothing to functional OS running. Here are a few things I can think of-
  • System files that run the OS (or in other words, system files that basically the OS).
  • A small core utility which can load the system files into memory from the hard disk (bootloader) when the computer is presently in a void like situation.
  • Memory where the system files are loaded.
  • Processing power which runs the OS.
  • Hard Disk space, where you can store stuff, Networking so that you can access the internet, and so on.
So, from a powerless state, in the presence of all the above, we can move to a state where we have a functional Windows instance running on our system. The question I want to ask you is, from a state where we have a functional Windows instance running on our system, can we move to a state where we have two functional OSs running on our system?

The answer should be, why not, if we have all the requirements that can result in a transition from 0 to 1, then if same requirements are met again, we can go from 1 to 2. In other words, if we have-
  • System files that run the second OS
  • A different core utility which can load the system files into memory from the hard disk (bootloader) when we have an OS running on the system already (as opposed to being in  a void like situation)
  • Memory, separate from the already runnning OS's memory, where the system files of this OS are loaded.
  • Processing power, separately for this OS, which runs the OS.
  • Hard Disk space, separately for this OS, where you can store stuff, Networking so that you can access the internet, and so on.
The above discussion should tell you that it would indeed be possible to run multiple OSs together, by somehow dividing the memory, hard disk space, processor power, etc. into two, and letting both OSs run on their share.

Without going into too much detail, let me just tell you that using hypervisors, this has indeed been achieved, and now we can run multiple OS inside one OS, given that there are enough resources to sustain the needs of all the simultaneously running OSs. VMware has been a pioneer in this technology, but they only offer limited capability VMWare player for free, while VMWare workstation will cost you. On the other hand, VirtualBox provides free open source products.

Now that you know about all the different ways to run Kali, be it alongside Windows, inside Windows (virtually), or live without installation, let me tell you about advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
Multiple Operating systems can run simultaneously as virtual machines.
In the picture, you can see VmWare workstation and various virtual machines on it.

Comparison


Live Boot V/S Dual Boot

Dual boot performs faster than live boot, and has persistence (though live boot with persistence is also available, but that is limited persistence). If you are using live USB, then you have to keep updating the ISO version on the USB frequently (download a new ISO, then write that ISO to the USB). If you have dual boot, then you'll update Kali the usual way (using apt-get update, upgrade, and dist-upgrade). 

I have put this point of comparison first because this is the only point of difference between live boot and dual boot. The two are identical in every other aspect, and from here on, I'll use live boot to refer to both live boot and dual boot.

Hardware access

In live booting, when you are running Kali, it would be the sole owner of all the resources that the computer offers (except hard disk space which is occupied by Windows, which is not a major concern). Not only that, it will have access to internal wireless card of your machine. We'll get a better idea of what hardware advantages we are getting by looking at what we don't get when we are inside Virtual Machine.

When Kali is running from inside a virtual machine, it doesn't have access to-
  1. Full CPI / GPU power (because processor needs to be shared between the two simultaneously running OSs) - So, this will mean slower cracking (processor intensive task like cracking WPA-2 4-way handshake will suffer here).
  2. No direct access to internal hardware, only bridged access - What this means for you is that you can't access the internal wireless adapter of your laptop. So, for wireless hacking, you will need to purchase an external wireless adapter if you are working inside a VM. (even if you are live/dual booting, you may need to purchase an external wireless card, because internal wireless cards are weaker, have less driver support, and sometimes don't support injection, which is needed in many attacks).
So, for wireless hacking, Virtual Machine isn't the best way to go.

Networking

In live booting, you are a direct part of the local network you are connected to. In virtual booting, your host computer is a part of that network, and you are part of internal network which contains only you, your host, and other guests. 

First, let me explain some technical jargon-
  1. Internal network - When you connect to your wifi router, you, along with other connected devices (your iphone, android phone, macbook, PC, etc.) become part of a local network. The internet knows only about your router. Every communication must be sent via the router to the internet, the internet will respond to router, and router will return the response to the appropriate system on the local network.
  2. VMnet - This is an equivalent of internal network, with the guest virtual machines, and the host machine a part of it.
  3. Host machine - The machine on which Vmware/virtualbox is installed, and inside which the virtual machines are running.
  4. Guest machine - The machines inside virtualbox/vmware.
  5. Internal IP - Your IP on the local network
  6. VMnet IP - Your IP on the Virtual network (VMnet) [This is not a standard term, internal and external IPs are standard terms, this I'm using for convenience]
  7. External IP - Your IP on the internet. 
If any of the machine make a request to the internet, their external IP would be the same. To check this, open your smartphone, and search "Whats my IP on google". Repeat this from all your other devices connected to the same router. Each one will have the same IP. Internally, all the devices have a different internal IP (the router has an internal IP too, like any other device on the local network).

Similarly, when you send a request from any of the VM guests to a machine outside the VMNet, but inside the local network, you'll carry the internal IP of your VM host (i.e. the Windows machine). Internally, all the guests have a VMnet IP (the host has one too, and inside the VMnet, behaves like guests).


Let me explain this a bit further with pictures.
Here, the kali machine is a part of VMNet, and can't directly contact
the mac machine and android machine. To reach them, it has to go via the Windows machine.
The router doesn't know about the existence of Kali Machine (or the Windows XP machine).
The path to the internet involves both the host machine, and the router. 
Here, Kali is directly a part of the Local network. Here, the router knows about the Kali Machine.
Also, the path to the internet involves only the router.

So, what does this mean for us?
  1. If you want to practice penetration testing, VMs can be great. You can have a Windows host, and Kali running as a virtual machine. Alongside, you can have Windows XP running as another guest VM. Now, these are a part of VMNet and directly connected. So, you can easily perform any attacks from Kali to this machine.
  2. If you want to do real life pentesting, your target is probably over the internet. In that case, having Kali inside a virtual machine doesn't help. Firstly, even if you are live booting Kali, you are a part of the local network, and to communicate with your target over the internet, you need to "forward" your requests through the router (this is called port forwarding). This, in itself, can sometimes be a pain in the ass. If you are inside a VM, your path to your target would involve your router, your host machine, and then the Kali Machine. This is quite inconvenient. So, if you want to attack someone over the internet, being in a virtual machine sucks.
In other words, your guest machine (Kali) does not have access to your laptop's network card. It has bridged access to it. In theory, you can still use most of the functionality of the card, but in practice, it's a painstakingly hard job. You can, however, add an external card and give it to the Kali guest instead of the windows host, mitigating this problem. Read the food for thought below for more-

Food For Thought

When you are inside a virtual machine, you are using your host to connect to the internet. But that doesn't have to be the case. You can plug in an external wireless card, and connect to the router directly. That would mean, that you are now a part of VMNet, as well as a part of LAN (your wlan0 card gets allocated an internal IP on the LAN (WLAN), say 192.168.1.5. Now, you don't need your host for internet access, and as far as the router is concerned, you are a separate computer. So, this does solve the problem that being inside a virtual machine causes. (I'm too lazy to draw a diagram for that, but in this case, the diagram will have Kali as a part of both the internal network dotted box, and the VMnet dotted box. This is exactly equivalent to the condition Windows 8/10 machine in the first diagram. It will also have two IPs, one for VMnet, and one for LAN).


Ease/Risk

Live boot is the easiest to perform, and the least risky.
Virtual machine is a bit harder, but still not risky.
Dual boot is tough, and you run the risk of losing your data/ getting rid of your original OS, etc.

Also, sometimes Dual Booting can be next to impossible. For example, some laptops with Microsoft signature (the 2-in-1, laptop+tablet types usually) addition don't let you dual boot anything alongside Windows.

Forensics

Live booting doesn't leave behind many traces, other two methods do.


How to find installation guides

For finding guides, keep the following pointers in mind-
  1. Consult multiple resources before doing anything. There are thousands of guides for installing Kali, and there's no 'best' guide.
  2. Make sure to read the official documentation.
  3. Make sure not to limit yourself to just written tutorials, or just YouTube videos. Both has their own advantages and disadvantages. 
  4. Consult tutorials for your precise versions of software (how to install Kali Rolling alongside Window 10), not simply Kali alongside Windows. There are only a few minor difference across the various releases, and their install instructions, but when you're doing it for the first time, these minor differences are important.
  5. Live USB is the easiest, go for it first. Go for Virtual machine if you're interested in practicing Penetration Testing. 
  6. Even the easiest method, Live USB, isn't trivial. If you're a beginner, even that will require some efforts (changing boot order/ choosing USB as boot device, finding a proper software for making bootable USB, etc.). Don't get discouraged.

Extra Advice

  • For wireless hacking, don't even think about anything, go for live boot, it's a no brainer.
  • For pentesting, when you're just getting started and need to practice on local targets, go for Virtual machine.
  • When you're comfortable with Linux, and feel that you can use Kali for usual stuff, only then install Kali alongside Windows. Still, I won't suggest using Kali as your primary OS.
  • If you love Linux, and love challenges, then install Kali as your primary OS. If you do, see if you're able to figure out  how to install Skype on Kali rolling release (if you succeed, please let me know. I haven't been able to do it so far, and anyways, skype web works fine).
The last point tells me that I'm getting carried away now, and this post needs to come to and end. Hope you learnt a lot. Let me know if you feel that there's something important worth inclusion that I missed.

758 comments:

  1. Hi
    Great post. I just found your site, and there is a lot of good content here. I just made a live Kali USB, and it boots fine. But I can actually see my main hard drive and even make changes to the files. I had the understanding, that this should not be possible. That the hard drive should not even be running. Did I misunderstand something?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You can save the files to the live USB, but they aren't actually saved! They vanish on reboot.

      Your physical hard disk though? You can do anything at all to that, just like you could any other machine you connect to.

      Delete
    2. wow a very informative blog this is a good knowledge with so much of learning


      Data Analytics course in Mumbai

      Delete
  2. Damn good !, need more article like this bro.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I am little confused between practice and real life penetration testing what's the difference. Now I am learning this stuff to target victim computer, not for finding out vulnerabilities in my PC. Which should i choose VM or Live boot?

    ReplyDelete
  4. thanks dude very informative. . .

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Great Article
      Cloud Computing Projects


      Networking Projects

      Final Year Projects for CSE


      JavaScript Training in Chennai

      JavaScript Training in Chennai

      The Angular Training covers a wide range of topics including Components, Angular Directives, Angular Services, Pipes, security fundamentals, Routing, and Angular programmability. The new Angular TRaining will lay the foundation you need to specialise in Single Page Application developer. Angular Training

      Delete
  5. "If you want to do real life pentesting, your target is probably over the internet. In that case, having Kali inside a virtual machine doesn't help."

    Almost every real pentester I know runs Kali in a VM, easier to maintain.

    All the networking issues you describe can be mitigated by having a VPS for handling reverse shells. Running on most networks you would need to setup port forwarding anyways...

    ReplyDelete
  6. i have prepared a live usb recently and it works fine for me but after reading your article i found that i have to download iso frequently.so i wanna ask if i did not update my iso then will it stop functioning or its optional. please answer

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. From what I understand, security always changes. There will be constantly new methods to attack, new vulnerabilities and new patches. If you don't update your iso, then you will have the old vulnerabilities which probably have been fixed, thus making it hard to penetrate into the system.

      Delete
  7. # skype

    dpkg --add-architecture i386
    apt-get update
    apt-get install libpulse0:i386
    wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb
    dpkg -i skype-install.deb
    apt-get install -f

    ReplyDelete
  8. This step by step process is so easy that anyone can easily<a href="http://teletrickmania.com/dual-boot-mac-with-kali-linux/> install kali in mac</a> as well as windows using virtual machine thank u for sharing

    ReplyDelete
  9. Awesome..........So awesome. I have learned many shits!!

    ReplyDelete
  10. Kali Linux Live USB Persistence, will preserve data across reboots. This is a great option for beginners who want to practice and become comfortable with Linux environment. Especially if you don't want to dual boot, install, or run a Virtual Machine. Once you become proficient enough you can then decide on which set up best meets your needs.

    ReplyDelete
  11. Hi, question from a beginner: are there any additional risk booting from USB compared to a VM if I mess up on Kali? For example malware spreading from Kali to my Windows host? Thanks in advance for your suggestions?

    ReplyDelete
  12. Hey there, You?ve done an incredible job. I will certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this site. toshiba 1tb external hard disk

    ReplyDelete
  13. Wow, what a thorough guideline and comparison! It really helps a lot, much appreciation!

    ReplyDelete
  14. Amazing Article!
    Also, What are Advantages & Disadvantages of installing Kali Linux as Primary OS if I love to use Kali on my Laptop?

    ReplyDelete
  15. Great...!!!
    The way in which you are teaching and representing is very easily understandable for us.
    I have gone through a lot of posts posted by you...
    You are indeed doing a great work because the people out there who have hacking skills don`t want to teach to anyone.....but you are different....
    Thank u very much...

    ReplyDelete
  16. hey thanks a lot awesome stuff !! ... after learning will do tell u how to install skype if i could.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Also, regardless of the methodology, remember about the procedure. "Without technique as a beginning stage, AI dangers turning into a device covered inside an organization's normal activities: machine learning certification

    ReplyDelete
  18. The most rousing stuff regularly is likely the most dull or exhausting concern. a solitary chicken may not be in a similar woody plant strip long, and furthermore the pets inside the pine is a sort of weight, consistently need to counsel the following stars, the specific fowl on the grounds that the plants are extremely reluctant to outward appearance an equivalent wonderful places step by step. buy windows vps

    ReplyDelete
  19. Thanks for posting this info. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative. I can't wait to read lots of your posts. USA RDP

    ReplyDelete
  20. If I had to give a prime example of great quality content, this article would be one. It's well-written material that keeps your interest well.
    SAP training in Kolkata
    SAP training Kolkata
    Best SAP training in Kolkata
    SAP course in Kolkata
    SAP training institute Kolkata

    ReplyDelete
  21. This post is very simple to read and appreciate without leaving any details out. Great work!
    Data Science Training in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  22. This is actually the kind of information I have been trying to find. Thank you for writing this information. instagram followers app free trial

    ReplyDelete
  23. It's very nice to find out other writers share like minds on some content. This is the case with your article. I really enjoyed this.
    Data Science training in Mumbai
    Data Science course in Mumbai
    SAP training in Mumbai

    ReplyDelete
  24. This article contains some of the most informative content I've read in quite some time. The points of this content are clear-cut and engaging. I think much like this writer.
    SAP training in Kolkata
    SAP training Kolkata
    Best SAP training in Kolkata
    SAP course in Kolkata

    ReplyDelete

  25. Fantastic article I ought to say and thanks to the info. Instruction is absolutely a sticky topic. But remains one of the top issues of the time. I love your article and look forward to more.
    Data Science Training Institute in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  26. Nice to be seeing your site once again, it's been weeks for me. This article which ive been waited for so long. I need this guide to complete my mission inside the school, and it's same issue together along with your essay. Thanks, pleasant share.
    Best Data Science Courses In Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  27. They finally recognize that your needs are usually greater on Sunday. You drive to the store and check out their power saws. power tool reviews

    ReplyDelete
  28. I'd love to thank you for the efforts you've made in composing this post. I hope the same best work out of you later on too. I wished to thank you with this particular sites! Thank you for sharing. Fantastic sites!
    360DigiTMG Data Science Course

    ReplyDelete
  29. Set aside me effort to peruse all the comments, yet I truly appreciated the article. It end up being Very useful to me and I am certain to all the analysts here! It's consistently pleasant when you can not exclusively be educated, yet in addition engaged!
    360DigiTMG

    ReplyDelete
  30. Outstanding blog appreciating your endless efforts in coming up with an extraordinary content. Which perhaps motivates the readers to feel excited in grasping the subject easily. This obviously makes every readers to thank the blogger and hope the similar creative content in future too.

    360DigiTMG Data Analytics Course

    ReplyDelete
  31. I looked at some very important and to maintain the length of the strength you are looking for on your website
    data science courses in delhi

    ReplyDelete
  32. Awesome blog filled with valuable information and found very knowledgeable thanks for sharing.
    typeerror nonetype object is not subscriptable

    ReplyDelete

  33. Excellent blog with very impressive writing and unique content, information shared was very valuable thank you.
    Data Science Course in Hyderabad 360DigiTMG

    ReplyDelete
  34. Tremendous blog quite easy to grasp the subject since the content is very simple to understand. Obviously, this helps the participants to engage themselves in to the subject without much difficulty. Hope you further educate the readers in the same manner and keep sharing the content as always you do.

    Data Science Course in Raipur

    ReplyDelete
  35. Writing in style and getting good compliments on the article is hard enough, to be honest, but you did it so calmly and with such a great feeling and got the job done. This item is owned with style and I give it a nice compliment. Better!
    Cyber Security Training in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  36. this blog was really great, never seen a great blog like this before. i think im gonna share this to my friends..PMP Certification in Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  37. Fantastic article with informative content. Information shared was valuable and enjoyed reading it looking forward for next blog thank you.
    Ethical Hacking Course in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  38. Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I'm pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. שרת וירטואלי

    ReplyDelete

  39. Great post i must say and thanks for the information.

    Data Scientist Course in pune

    ReplyDelete
  40. You completed a few fine points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will go along with with your blog. whrmarketing

    ReplyDelete
  41. It's good to visit your blog again, it's been months for me. Well, this article that I have been waiting for so long. I will need this post to complete my college homework, and it has the exact same topic with your article. Thanks, have a good game.

    Business Analytics Course in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  42. It's like you understand the topic well, but forgot to include your readers. Maybe you should think about it from several angles.

    Data Analytics Course in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  43. This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. túlméretes szállításEuropa-Road Kft.

    ReplyDelete
  44. This post is great. I really admire your post. Your post was awesome. data science course in Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  45. This is a wonderful article, Given so much info in it, Thanks for sharing. CodeGnan offers courses in new technologies and makes sure students understand the flow of work from each and every perspective in a Real-Time environment Augmented Reality Training. ,

    ReplyDelete
  46. Thank you so much for shearing this type of post.
    This is very much helpful for me. Keep up for this type of good post.
    please visit us below
    data science training

    ReplyDelete
  47. it is these positive long-term trends in the Hungarian economy that make investing in property in the country, and particularly in budapest rental

    ReplyDelete
  48. Your blog provided us with valuable information to work with. Each & every tips of your post are awesome. Thanks a lot for sharing. Keep blogging Water Softener

    ReplyDelete
  49. Wonderful article. Fascinating to read. I love to read such an excellent article. Thanks! It has made my task more and extra easy. Keep rocking 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  50. I truly like you're composing style, incredible data, thankyou for posting 메이저토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  51. You have a real ability for writing unique content. I like how you think and the way you represent your views in this article. I agree with your way of thinking. Thank you for sharing. 검증사이트

    ReplyDelete
  52. I need to to thank you for this very good read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked to check out new things you post 먹튀검증사이트

    ReplyDelete
  53. Like other interpretative languages, it is more flexible than compiled languages, and it can be used to tie disparate systems together. Indeed, Python is a versatile language with many applications in growing fields. data science course in india

    ReplyDelete
  54. 모든 댓글을 읽는 데 시간이 걸렸지 만 기사를 정말 즐겼습니다. 그것은 나에게 매우 도움이되는 것으로 판명되었고 여기의 모든 댓글 작성자에게 확신합니다! 정보를받을 수있을뿐만 아니라 즐길 수있을 때 항상 좋습니다. 출장서비스

    ReplyDelete
  55. program using pure Python whenever possible. Creating open source code that is only dependent on the core language and its libraries, give me the most control over maintenance. By eliminating dependencies, my code is more robust. best course to learn Flask

    ReplyDelete
  56. Nice to meet you. I run a site that uploads posts similar to yours. Your post is really new. I really enjoyed reading it. I think it's really great. Thanks for allowing me to read this article and I will visit your website often. Well, thank you very much. 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  57. I don t have the time at the moment to fully read your site but I have bookmarked it and also add your RSS feeds. I will be back in a day or two. thanks for a great site. windshield repair san diego

    ReplyDelete
  58. Thank you for sharing such a good and useful information here in the blog for everywhere. cosmetic dentistry tijuana

    ReplyDelete
  59. I am looking for and I love to post a comment that "The content of your post is awesome" Great work!

    ReplyDelete
  60. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative. yamaha dealer

    ReplyDelete
  61. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative. paginas web tijuana

    ReplyDelete
  62. Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place best natural toothpaste with fluoride

    ReplyDelete
  63. This is important, though it's necessary to help you head over to it weblink: Real estate agent West Carleton

    ReplyDelete
  64. This is important, though it's necessary to help you head over to it weblink: Agent immobilier West Carleton

    ReplyDelete
  65. I feel a lot more people need to read this, very good info! securite informatique

    ReplyDelete
  66. A to a great degree brilliant blog passage. We are really grateful for your blog passage. fight, law usage You will find an extensive measure of techniques in the wake of heading off to your post. I was absolutely examining for. An obligation of appreciation is all together for such post and please keep it up. Mind blowing work. electrical heater

    ReplyDelete
  67. This article was written by a real thinking writer.I agree many of the with the solid points made by the writer. courtier immobilier gatineau

    ReplyDelete
  68. Useful post. This is my first time I visit here. I found so many intriguing stuff with regards to your blog particularly its conversation. Actually its incredible article. Keep it up yoga en ligne

    ReplyDelete
  69. i love reading this article so beautiful!!great job! freelancer malta

    ReplyDelete
  70. Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors. commercial Video production companies

    ReplyDelete
  71. I am glad to be a visitor of this unadulterated web site, thanks for this rare info! Lamellen dak

    ReplyDelete
  72. This is a truly good site post. Not too many people would actually, the way you just did. I am really impressed that there is so much information about this subject that have been uncovered and you’ve done your best, with so much class. If wanted to know more about green smoke reviews, than by all means come in and check our stuff. shipping from china to usa

    ReplyDelete
  73. Hello to all, for the reason that I am truly eager of reading this weblog’s post to be updated regularly. buy website traffic

    ReplyDelete
  74. 주목할만한 기사, 특히 유용합니다! 나는 이것에서 조용히 시작했고 더 잘 알게되고 있습니다! 기쁨, 계속해서 더 인상적 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  75. I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  76. I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. 메이저놀이터

    ReplyDelete
  77. I am really enjoying reading your well written articles. It looks like you spend a lot of effort and time on your blog. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles. Keep up the good work. 먹튀검증업체

    ReplyDelete
  78. I truly like you're composing style, incredible data, thankyou for posting 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  79. Thanks For Sharing The Information The Information shared Is Very Valuable Please Keep Updating Us
    by cognex is the AWS Training in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  80. Thanks for your marvelous posting! I actually enjoyed 사설토토

    reading it, you could be
    a great author.I will remember to bookmark your blog and will
    eventually come back from now on. I want to encourage you to continue your great
    writing, have a nice weekend!

    ReplyDelete
  81. I have to search sites with relevant information ,This is a
    wonderful blog,These type of blog keeps the users interest in
    the website, i am impressed. thank you.
    Data Science Training in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  82. Incredible! This blog lo?ks exactly ?ike my o?d one!먹튀검증


    It’s on a totally d?fferent subject b?t it ?as pretty muc?
    t?e ?ame layout ?nd design. Outstanding choice ?f colors!

    ReplyDelete
  83. I have to search sites with relevant information ,This is a
    wonderful blog,These type of blog keeps the users interest in
    the website, i am impressed. thank you.
    Data Science Training in Bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  84. Hi, I looked at most of your posts. This article is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, we can find out more about this. Do you know of any other websites on this topic?
    Data Science Course in Jaipur

    ReplyDelete
  85. Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place..
    Digital Marketing Courses in Hyderabad With Placements

    ReplyDelete
  86. Thanks to you, my stress has been relieved. You are really great.토토사이트 I hope I can think like you. I hope you can help me 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  87. Really impressed! Everything is a very open and very clear clarification of the issues. It contains true facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing.
    Data Science Course in Lucknow

    ReplyDelete
  88. Custom boxes is the U.S manufacturer of and printed labels Order custom boxes and labels, in ANY shape and size, powered printing for industry-leading quality. Custom Boxes Printing Plus there's free delivery after you order, and our guarantee to beat any like-for-like quote for printed boxes and labels.

    ReplyDelete
  89. I am glad to discover this page. I have to thank you for the time I spent on this especially great reading !! I really liked each part and also bookmarked you for new information on your site.
    Data Science Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  90. You can reinstall or install Microsoft Office Setup at www.office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  91. Very good message. I stumbled across your blog and wanted to say that I really enjoyed reading your articles. Anyway, I will subscribe to your feed and hope you post again soon.
    Data Analytics course in Vadodara

    ReplyDelete
  92. Thanks for always being willing to lend a hand to provide the best knowledge.
    360DigiTMG digital marketing courses

    ReplyDelete
  93. This post is very simple to read and appreciate without leaving any details out. Great work!
    Data Science Training

    ReplyDelete
  94. Shreeja Health Care is leading manufacturer of Mini oil Maker Machine. Shreeja Oil Extraction Machine is able to extract oil from various seeds like peanuts, Coconut, Sesame, Soybean, macadamia nuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, vegetable seeds flaxseed et

    ReplyDelete
  95. Thanks for sharing with us such a mind-blowing post. I am really impressed with the information you have provided. Keep up the good work.
    McAfee Product Key |
    Office.com/myaccount | McAfee vs Norton | How to minimize the impact and risk of a Data Breach?

    ReplyDelete
  96. Well explained blog the first step toward a sound reputation is deciding how you want your business to be perceived. Click now for Outlook 365 Login
    Outlook 365 Login
    PayPal Login

    ReplyDelete
  97. hi!,I really like your writing so much! proportion we communicate more about your article on AOL? I require a specialist in this area to resolve my problem. May be that is you! Taking a look forward to see you. https://toto-flix.com

    ReplyDelete
  98. I saw your article well. You seem to enjoy 바카라사이트 for some reason. We can help you enjoy more fun. Welcome anytime :-)

    ReplyDelete
  99. Thanks for sharing your amazing thoughts. its really nice and well explained blog. Are you looking for wasp exterminator near you? Click Now
    wasp exterminator near me

    ReplyDelete
  100. Great post! I am actually getting ready to across this information, is very helpful my friend. Also great blog here with all of the valuable information you have. Keep up the good work you are doing here. 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete

  101. Thanks for sharing your amazing thoughts. It’s really nice and well explained blog. Are you looking for robinhood login
    robinhood login |
    cash app customer service

    ReplyDelete
  102. Goodness, cool post. I'd prefer to compose like this as well - requiring significant investment and genuine difficult work to make an incredible article... be that as it may, I put things off something over the top and never appear to begin. Much appreciated however. 먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  103. I am glad to discover this page. I have to thank you for the time I spent on this especially great reading !! I really liked each part and also bookmarked you for new information on your site.
    Data Science Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  104. Thanks for your nice post I really like it and appreciate it. My work is about Quality Packaging Solution. If you need perfect quality boxes then you can visit our website.

    ReplyDelete
  105. I’m designing a stripper studio in the back of my house. I’ll use it for live cam shows and private parties. Inside of the house will be a web and photography studio. My house may not be a Tiny Home, but it will be more eco friendly with sun catchers to generate electricity. https://tobles.com

    ReplyDelete
  106. Here, you will arrive at the point data on the equivalent. PayPal is a most utilized online installment approach which is utilized for sending and accepting cash. In view of its fulfilling and supportive highlights and administrations, it is a quick and smooth strategy for the cash exchanges. Some of the time, the client experiences different sorts of issues yet no compelling reason to freeze as we have straightforward approaches to dispose of PayPal login issues in a viable way.

    ReplyDelete
  107. That's a great article! The neatly organized content is good to see. Can I quote a blog and write it on my blog? My blog has a variety of communities including these articles. Would you like to visit me later? 온라인홀덤

    ReplyDelete
  108. Thanks for one’s marvelous posting! I actually enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author. I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and will often come back very soon. I want to encourage you continue your great writing, have a nice morning! https://ecahot.com

    ReplyDelete
  109. There is so much in this article that I would never have thought of on my own. Your content gives readers things to think about in an interesting way. Visit here for more information: 토토

    ReplyDelete
  110. Thanks in support of sharing such a nice thinking, article is pleasant, that's why I have read it entirely 파워볼게임

    ReplyDelete
  111. I am very happy to discover your post as it will become on top in my collection of favorite blogs to visit. 온라인카지노

    ReplyDelete
  112. I feel very amazed that I read this. It is very helpful and very informative and I really learned a lot from it. 이기자벳

    ReplyDelete
  113. I at last discovered extraordinary post here.I will get back here. I just added your blog to my bookmark locales. thanks.Quality presents is the vital on welcome the guests to visit the page, that is the thing that this website page is giving.
    best data science courses

    ReplyDelete
  114. Your content is nothing short of brilliant in many ways. I think this is engaging and eye-opening material. Thank you so much for caring about your content and your readers 토토

    ReplyDelete
  115. Your writing is perfect and complete. 먹튀검증 However, I think it will be more wonderful if your post includes additional topics that I am thinking of. I have a lot of posts on my site similar to your topic. Would you like to visit once?

    ReplyDelete
  116. Hi! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I genuinely enjoy reading through your articles. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same subjects? Thanks! https://toto-mania.com

    ReplyDelete
  117. A very awesome blog post. 토토사이트 We are really grateful for your blog post. combat, law enforcement You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work.

    ReplyDelete
  118. You really have a similar idea to me. thanks! I also have a website 토토사이트 with content similar to your posting. It would be nice to visit once and read my post. Have a happy day. Thank you.

    ReplyDelete
  119. I really enjoy and love to have this kind of information. Thanks for sharing this.

    showtimeanytime/activate
    Tubi.tv/activate

    ReplyDelete
  120. Howdy! This article couldn’t be written much better! Going through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I am going to send this article to him. Fairly certain he will have a very good read. Many thanks for sharing! https://in-play.club

    ReplyDelete
  121. Thanks for posting the best information and the blog is very helpful.Data science course in Varanasi

    ReplyDelete
  122. I think this is the best I've seen till now. I like your post continue to post later on I truly appreciate it.
    twitch.tv/activate | hbomax.com/tvsignin

    ReplyDelete
  123. i am glad to discover this page : i have to thank you for the time i spent on this especially great reading !! i really liked each part and also bookmarked you for new information on your site.
    data science courses in hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  124. I Want to leave a little comment to support and wish you the best of luck.we wish you the best of luck in all your blogging endeavors.
    cyber security course in bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  125. I really enjoyed your writing. You should come and see mine.카지노사이트

    ReplyDelete
  126. I just got to this amazing site not long ago. I was actually captured with the piece of resources you have got here. Big thumbs up for making such wonderful blog page!
    artificial intelligence course in pune

    ReplyDelete
  127. Linksys RE6350 Setup or provides details regarding Linksys Extender Setup. You can now get in touch with our team you can also visit mywifiext Thanks for sharing with us such a mind-blowing post. I am really impressed with the information you have provided. Keep up the good work. Office.com/myaccount | login Microsoft account and activate office 2019, Norton.com/setup, Roadrunner email login and setting, sbcglobal.net email login page

    ReplyDelete
  128. Thanks for sharing with us such a mind-blowing post. I am really impressed with the information you have provided. Keep up the good work. Bitdefender Central Login | Bitdefender Login | Bitdefender Total Security | AOL.Mail.com | AOL Mail Sign-in Page | AOL Gold Download | AOL Download | AOL Webmail | AOL Mail Login Issues

    ReplyDelete
  129. I am glad to discover this page. I have to thank you for the time I spent on this especially great reading !! I really liked each part and also bookmarked you for new information on your site.
    Data Science Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  130. I must appreciate you for providing such valuable content for us. To make our dreams a reality, everyone has to put up a hard struggle in their life. Here I am making my small effort to arrange up the list of highest paying Jobs in India. We provide one of the best courses for you.
    1) Data Science course in Delhi
    2) Artificial Intelligence Course in Delhi
    3) Machine Learning course in Delhi
    4) Business Analytics courses in Delhi
    5) Digital marketing course in Delhi
    6) Full Stack Software Developer course in Delhi.

    ReplyDelete
  131. I do beliеve alⅼ of the ideas үou have pгesented tο your post. They are very convinmcing andd can dеfinitely work. Νonetheless, tһe posts ɑre too quick for newbies. Maay you pleasе proong them a Ьіt from subsequent tіme? Тhank yoou fоr tһe post. https://toto-flix.com

    ReplyDelete
  132. Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon everyday. It’s always useful to read through content from other authors and use something from other sites. 안전놀이터

    ReplyDelete
  133. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this site. I’m hoping to view the same high-grade content by you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own, personal website now. 안전놀이터

    ReplyDelete
  134. I've been troubled for several days with this topic. 온라인포커, But by chance looking at your post solved my problem! I will leave my blog, so when would you like to visit it?

    ReplyDelete
  135. Netflix is one of the most popular online video streaming platforms all over the world. which can be accessed just by paying for a monthly subscription account. To get more details about this feel free to visit Netflix login whenever you are free.
    Showtime Anytime is one of the online video streaming platforms Like Amazon prime video, which is exclusively available in the USA. To know more interesting details about Showtime Anytime you can visit us at showtimeanytime/activate

    ReplyDelete
  136. I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next! https://tobles.com

    ReplyDelete
  137. i am glad to discover this page : i have to thank you for the time i spent on this especially great reading !! i really liked each part and also bookmarked you for new information on your site.
    best data science courses in bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  138. I'm truly getting from you, as I'm endeavoring to appear at my fights. I obviously respect looking at all that is posted on your site. Keep the articles coming. I maintained it! I'm genuinely getting from you, as I'm attempting to show up at my protests. I plainly regard taking a gander at all that is posted on your site.
    cash app support | Cash app login

    ReplyDelete
  139. Hello. I'm subscribed to your posts. You inspire me a lot.온라인바둑이I am so grateful.

    ReplyDelete
  140. Amazing Article ! I would like to say thank you for the efforts you had made for writing this awesome article. This article inspired me to read more your blogs. keep it up.

    Affiliate Marketing Training In Telugu
    Affiliate Marketing Means In Telugu
    Digital Marketing Training In Telugu
    Blogging In Telugu

    ReplyDelete
  141. Your writing is perfect and complete. However, I think it will be more wonderful if your post includes additional topics that I am thinking of. I have a lot of posts on my site similar to your topic. Would you like to visit once? 토토커뮤니티

    ReplyDelete
  142. I saw your article well. You seem to enjoy 바카라사이트 for some reason. We can help you enjoy more fun. Welcome anytime :-)

    ReplyDelete
  143. Thanks for your nice post I really like it and appreciate it. My work is about Packaging Printers
    . If you need perfect quality boxes then you can visit our website.

    ReplyDelete
  144. Thanks for your nice post I really like it and appreciate it. My work is about Packaging Printers
    . If you need perfect quality boxes then you can visit our website.

    ReplyDelete
  145. What a nice post! I'm so happy to read this. 토토커뮤니티 What you wrote was very helpful to me. Thank you. Actually, I run a site similar to you. If you have time, could you visit my site? Please leave your comments after reading what I wrote. If you do so, I will actively reflect your opinion. I think it will be a great help to run my site. Have a good day.

    ReplyDelete
  146. Thank you for this brief explanation and very nice information. hope to see you again.

    AOL Mail Login

    ReplyDelete
  147. As soon as I noticed this internet site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them. 안전놀이터

    ReplyDelete
  148. It was a marvelous article! I loved it, and I am waiting for the next thanks for giving a nice article.

    Affiliate Marketing Training In Telugu
    Affiliate Marketing Means In Telugu

    ReplyDelete
  149. It's always a pleasure to read your magnificent articles on this site. You are among the top writers of this generation, and there's nothing you can do that will change my opinion on that. My friends will soon realize how good you are. 바카라사이트

    ReplyDelete
  150. I need you to thank for your season of this awesome 먹튀검증!!! I definately appreciate each and every piece of it and I have you bookmarked to look at new stuff of your blog an absolute necessity read blog!!!!

    ReplyDelete
  151. Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can't help but wonder for 안전놀이터, what about the other side? !!!!!!Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  152. Your article was very impressive to me. It was unexpected information,but after reading it like this 메이저토토사이트, I found it very interesting.

    ReplyDelete
  153. Your article is great. I think it will be praised anywhere. I am a columnist and I am writing articles related to 메이저사이트. If you are interested in the column I wrote, I would appreciate it if you visit my site .

    ReplyDelete
  154. It’s in reality a nice and useful piece of info. I am glad that
    you shared this useful information with us. Please stay us up
    to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
    고스톱 전략

    ReplyDelete
  155. I want to leave a little comment to support and wish you the best of luck.we wish you the best of luck in all your blogging enedevors.
    data science course fees in bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  156. Hello there, just changed into aware of your blog through Google,
    and located that it's truly informative. I'm going to watch out for brussels.
    I will be grateful for those who continue this in future.

    Numerous people might be benefited out of
    your writing. Cheers! 카지노사이트

    ReplyDelete
  157. Thanks on your marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading
    it, you could be a great author.I will remember to bookmark
    your blog and will often come back very soon. 카지노사이트
    I
    want to encourage that you continue your great job, have a nice holiday weekend!

    ReplyDelete
  158. This is really interesting, You are a very professional blogger.
    I’ve joined your rss feed and stay up for looking for more
    of your fantastic post. 토토사이트
    Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks

    ReplyDelete
  159. 카지노사이트 Amazing! Its really awesome paragraph, I have got much clear idea concerning from this post.

    ReplyDelete
  160. good article, don’t forget to visit our website :
    스포츠토토

    ReplyDelete
  161. Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with SEO? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good results. If you know of any please share. Cheers! 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  162. When I read your article on this topic, the first thought seems profound and difficult. There is also a bulletin board for discussion of articles and photos similar to this topic on my site, but I would like to visit once when I have time to discuss this topic. 우리카지노

    ReplyDelete
  163. I like the data. I've been using this stuff lately.먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  164. I read that Post and got it fine and informative. Please share more like that.. 192.168.l.254 | 192.168.l.254

    ReplyDelete
  165. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thanks, Numerous tips!주소요

    ReplyDelete
  166. Best Software Training Institute in Delhi Madrid Software offers strategic training paths for the certification skills required to support today's technologies, while offering a Business Analytic course, Data science courses in Delhi, Career in AI and Digital Marketing Course in Delhi for clients looking to implement new/upgraded business applications.

    ReplyDelete

© Kali Tutorials, 2016. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Shashwat Chaudhary and Kali Tutorials with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
Bitcoin: 1B5aLqJcMW7zznffTxQwta8JTZsxBDPguC